Future contingency and God’s knowledge of particulars in Avicenna

Avicenna’s discussion of future contingent propositions is sometimes considered to entail metaphysical indeterminism. In this paper, I argue that his logical analysis statements best understood in terms the epistemic modality those statements, which has no consequences for modal metaphysics. This interpretation corroborated by hitherto neglected material concerning question God’s knowledge particulars. Taʿlīqāt, Avicenna argues God knows particulars knowing their complete causes, and when contrasted with human particulars, epistemically superior access shows contingency about not due properties real but nature them.